White metals are a range of white- colored metals (or their alloys) with relatively low melting points. ![]() All of them have melting points above 2000☌ at room temperature and high hardness. The most common definitions include niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and rhenium. Metals belonging to this category are different. In materials science, metallurgy and engineering, refractory metals are metals that are highly resistant to heat and wear. A low value for the ratio of bulk elastic modulus to shear modulus (Pugh criterion) indicates inherent brittleness. Arsenic and antimony are brittle when treated as metals. Brittle metalsĪlmost all metals are malleable or ductile, but some beryllium, chromium, manganese, gallium, and bismuth are brittle. And because it’s iron-free, it’s highly resistant to rust and corrosion, making it ideal for gutters, downspouts, roofs, and outdoor signs.įinally, they are non-magnetic, which is important for many electronic and wiring applications. A major advantage over ferrous materials is their malleability. Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin and precious metals such as gold and silver. Using iron metal on the refrigerator door allows you to pin your shopping list with a magnet. Most ferrous metals are magnetic, which makes them very useful in motor and electrical applications. Wrought iron is resistant to rust due to its purity, and stainless steel is protected against rust by the presence of chromium. Ferrous metals are also used in shipping containers, industrial piping, automobiles, railroads, and many commercial and household appliances.ĭue to their high carbon content, ferrous metals tend to rust easily when exposed to moisture. These metals are very valuable due to their tensile strength and durability. ![]() An alloy is a mixture of two or more chemical elements, the dominant element of which is metal.Ĭommon ferrous metals include alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron, and wrought iron. This begins to explain the ductility of soft iron.īut by adding carbon to iron, different alloys with completely different properties can be produced. When a piece of iron is stressed, the layers of atoms in these areas slide over each other and deform the metal. Misalignment creates areas of weakness called dislocations. When iron cools and turns from a liquid to a solid, most of the atoms in the metal pack together in orderly layers. Pure iron is too soft and ductile to be used as an engineering material. These properties determine the most suitable application. The more accurate answer is that ferrous and non-ferrous metals each have their own characteristics. Ferrous and Non-ferrous metals.įerrous metals contain iron, but non-ferrous metal is not contain iron. The categories covered in the following subsections are: Metals can be classified based on their physical or chemical properties.
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